Unit 5: India
Major Events Time Line
a. 2,500 BCE: Well-planned cities are thriving by the Indus River (Harappan civilization)
b. 1,500 BCE: Aryans begin to migrate into India.
c. 563 BCE: Siddhartha Gautama, who will be known as the Buddha, is born.
d. c. 272 BCE: King Asoka, who ruled by Buddhist principles, takes the throne.
e. c. 375 CE: Chandra Gupta II begins to rule.
GRAPES
Geography
-The Harappans, Dravidians, and Aryans all built cities along the fertile banks for the Indus and Ganges Rivers.
-The Hindu-Kush and Himalayan Mountains isolated India from China and Asia
Religion:
-Little is known of the religion of the Harappans or Dravidians
-The Aryans brought Brahmanism with them into the Indus Valley
-Brahmanism eventually evolved into Hinduism; a religion with many deities and a caste system
-Siddhartha Gautama starts Buddhism when he begins speaking about a way to end suffering (nirvana)
Achievements:
-The Aryans brought the writing form called Sanskrit to India
-The Ramayana, Bhagavid Gita, and Mahabharata were significant contributions to literature.
-Hindu-Arabic numerals and the concept of zero originate in Ancient India
-Indians were superb at creating metal alloys; furthering metallurgy’s impact
-Ancient Indian healers made huge strides in medicine; including knowledge of resetting broken bones.
Political System:
-India after the Aryans migrated was broken up into several kingdoms ruled by princes.
-The Maurya Empire is the first to control ancient India in the 200s BCE.
-Asoka rules with Buddhist principles and gives up conquest. He builds an impressive road system in India.
-The Gupta Empire rules India in the 300s CE after roughly 500 years of disunity on the Indian subcontinent.
Economic System:
-Indian cities thrived on trade and agriculture.
-Asoka improved the infrastructure in ancient India and encouraged trade.
-The caste system secured enough people for each of the jobs needed in society.
Social Structure:
-The Aryans instituted a caste system that was very rigid; this caste system was reinforced by Hinduism/Brahmanism
Key Understandings
- The earliest civilization to develop in the Indus Valley was the Harappan; these people built planned cities along the Indus Valley
-The Himalayas and Hindu-Kush Mountains isolated India from China and Asia.
-Aryans, Indo-European nomads from central Asia, came into the Indus Valley during the 1,500s BCE.
-The Aryans spread across both the Indus and Ganges River Valleys.
-The Aryans brought Sanskrit, the caste system, and Brahmanism to the Indian subcontinent.
-Dravidians and Aryans created a blended culture in India.
-Brahmanism evolved in Hinduism; Brahmanism beliefs in reincarnation, karma, dharma, and the deities are adopted by Hinduism
-The caste system divided the people in a rigid order that determined what professions you could do and the quality of life you would have.
-Siddhartha Gautama, an Indian prince, leaves his wealth to seek an end to suffering; he creates the religion/philosophy known as Buddhism.
-Buddhism spreads to India, Central Asia, and – later – China via trade and migrations.
-The Maurya Empire unites the Indus and Ganges Valleys in the 200s BCE
-Asoka rules India by Buddhist principles and improves his empires roads.
-The Gupta Empire unites India in the 300s CE after 500 years of disunity.
-Ancient India made several contributions to literature, medicine, metallurgy, and mathematics.
Vocab
Subcontinent: a large landmass that is part of a continent but is considered a separate region
Himalayas: the highest mountains in the earth; they separate India from China and Asia
Monsoons: seasonal wind systems in India
Harappan civilization: ancient Indus Valley civilization who thrived c. 2,500 BCE; Mohenjo-Daro was their largest city
Planned cities: cities built according to a design
Aryans: group of Indi-Europeans who are believed to have migrated to the Indian subcontinent
Dravidians: people who inhabited the Indus Valley in 1,500 BCE when the Aryans arrived
Caste: a social class a person belongs to by birth
Brahmanism: early religion of the Aryans
Hinduism: modern name for the major religion of India, which developed from Brahmanism
Reincarnation: rebirth of the soul in another body
Karma: in Hinduism, the consequences of a person’s actions in this life, which determine his or her fate in the next life
Mahabharata: an epic poem that retells many legends
Vedas: four collections of prayers and instructions for rituals
Sanskrit: the writing system used by the Aryans
Bhagavid Gita: part of the Mahabharata; tells the story of Prince Arjuna in a war
Brahman: supreme life force, or God, of Hinduism
Brahma: Hindu deity known as “the creator”
Shiva: Hindu deity known as “the destroyer”
Vishnu: Hindu deity known as “the protector”
Ahimsa: nonviolence; first practiced in Jainism, Hinduism, and Buddhism
Buddhism: religion that began in India and is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama
Siddhartha Gautama: founder of Buddhism also known as the Buddha, or “enlightened one”
Nirvana: in Buddhism, a state of wisdom that breaks the cycle of reincarnation
Dharma (Buddhism): collective teachings of the Buddha, often represented by a wheel
Dharma (Hinduism): ones duty and role in the order of the universe
Asoka: greatest Maurya king who began rule in 272 BCE
Gupta Empire: Indian empire who ended five centuries of conflict in India by forming an empire in 320 CE
Hindu-Arabic numerals: numbers we use today that originated in India and were brought to the West by Arab trade
a. 2,500 BCE: Well-planned cities are thriving by the Indus River (Harappan civilization)
b. 1,500 BCE: Aryans begin to migrate into India.
c. 563 BCE: Siddhartha Gautama, who will be known as the Buddha, is born.
d. c. 272 BCE: King Asoka, who ruled by Buddhist principles, takes the throne.
e. c. 375 CE: Chandra Gupta II begins to rule.
GRAPES
Geography
-The Harappans, Dravidians, and Aryans all built cities along the fertile banks for the Indus and Ganges Rivers.
-The Hindu-Kush and Himalayan Mountains isolated India from China and Asia
Religion:
-Little is known of the religion of the Harappans or Dravidians
-The Aryans brought Brahmanism with them into the Indus Valley
-Brahmanism eventually evolved into Hinduism; a religion with many deities and a caste system
-Siddhartha Gautama starts Buddhism when he begins speaking about a way to end suffering (nirvana)
Achievements:
-The Aryans brought the writing form called Sanskrit to India
-The Ramayana, Bhagavid Gita, and Mahabharata were significant contributions to literature.
-Hindu-Arabic numerals and the concept of zero originate in Ancient India
-Indians were superb at creating metal alloys; furthering metallurgy’s impact
-Ancient Indian healers made huge strides in medicine; including knowledge of resetting broken bones.
Political System:
-India after the Aryans migrated was broken up into several kingdoms ruled by princes.
-The Maurya Empire is the first to control ancient India in the 200s BCE.
-Asoka rules with Buddhist principles and gives up conquest. He builds an impressive road system in India.
-The Gupta Empire rules India in the 300s CE after roughly 500 years of disunity on the Indian subcontinent.
Economic System:
-Indian cities thrived on trade and agriculture.
-Asoka improved the infrastructure in ancient India and encouraged trade.
-The caste system secured enough people for each of the jobs needed in society.
Social Structure:
-The Aryans instituted a caste system that was very rigid; this caste system was reinforced by Hinduism/Brahmanism
Key Understandings
- The earliest civilization to develop in the Indus Valley was the Harappan; these people built planned cities along the Indus Valley
-The Himalayas and Hindu-Kush Mountains isolated India from China and Asia.
-Aryans, Indo-European nomads from central Asia, came into the Indus Valley during the 1,500s BCE.
-The Aryans spread across both the Indus and Ganges River Valleys.
-The Aryans brought Sanskrit, the caste system, and Brahmanism to the Indian subcontinent.
-Dravidians and Aryans created a blended culture in India.
-Brahmanism evolved in Hinduism; Brahmanism beliefs in reincarnation, karma, dharma, and the deities are adopted by Hinduism
-The caste system divided the people in a rigid order that determined what professions you could do and the quality of life you would have.
-Siddhartha Gautama, an Indian prince, leaves his wealth to seek an end to suffering; he creates the religion/philosophy known as Buddhism.
-Buddhism spreads to India, Central Asia, and – later – China via trade and migrations.
-The Maurya Empire unites the Indus and Ganges Valleys in the 200s BCE
-Asoka rules India by Buddhist principles and improves his empires roads.
-The Gupta Empire unites India in the 300s CE after 500 years of disunity.
-Ancient India made several contributions to literature, medicine, metallurgy, and mathematics.
Vocab
Subcontinent: a large landmass that is part of a continent but is considered a separate region
Himalayas: the highest mountains in the earth; they separate India from China and Asia
Monsoons: seasonal wind systems in India
Harappan civilization: ancient Indus Valley civilization who thrived c. 2,500 BCE; Mohenjo-Daro was their largest city
Planned cities: cities built according to a design
Aryans: group of Indi-Europeans who are believed to have migrated to the Indian subcontinent
Dravidians: people who inhabited the Indus Valley in 1,500 BCE when the Aryans arrived
Caste: a social class a person belongs to by birth
Brahmanism: early religion of the Aryans
Hinduism: modern name for the major religion of India, which developed from Brahmanism
Reincarnation: rebirth of the soul in another body
Karma: in Hinduism, the consequences of a person’s actions in this life, which determine his or her fate in the next life
Mahabharata: an epic poem that retells many legends
Vedas: four collections of prayers and instructions for rituals
Sanskrit: the writing system used by the Aryans
Bhagavid Gita: part of the Mahabharata; tells the story of Prince Arjuna in a war
Brahman: supreme life force, or God, of Hinduism
Brahma: Hindu deity known as “the creator”
Shiva: Hindu deity known as “the destroyer”
Vishnu: Hindu deity known as “the protector”
Ahimsa: nonviolence; first practiced in Jainism, Hinduism, and Buddhism
Buddhism: religion that began in India and is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama
Siddhartha Gautama: founder of Buddhism also known as the Buddha, or “enlightened one”
Nirvana: in Buddhism, a state of wisdom that breaks the cycle of reincarnation
Dharma (Buddhism): collective teachings of the Buddha, often represented by a wheel
Dharma (Hinduism): ones duty and role in the order of the universe
Asoka: greatest Maurya king who began rule in 272 BCE
Gupta Empire: Indian empire who ended five centuries of conflict in India by forming an empire in 320 CE
Hindu-Arabic numerals: numbers we use today that originated in India and were brought to the West by Arab trade
Lessons by Topic |
Day 1 - Geography of India: u5d1_cw.docx
Day 2 - Harrapan People: u5d2_cw__harappan_people_.docx Day 3 - Aryan People: u5d3_cw__aryans_.docx Day 4 - Indian Inventions: u5d4_cw__inventions_.docx Day 5 - Hinduism: u5d5_cw__hinduism_.docx Day 6 - Castes, Dharma, and Karma: u5d6_cw__castes_dharma_karma_.docx Day 7 - Life of Siddhartha: u5d7_cw__life_of_siddartha_.docx Day 8 - Comparing Hinduism and Buddhism: u5d8_cw__comparing_hinduism_and_buddhism_.docx Day 9 - Maurya and Asoka: u5d9_cw__maurya_and_asoka_.docx Day 10 - Amazing Race: indiaamazingrace.docx TN Ready Writing Practice (Asoka): u5d10_cw__asoka_5_point_paragraph_.docx Buddhism vs Hinduism HW: buddhismhinduismcomparisonhw.docx |