Unit 7: Israelites
Major Events Time Line
-1,800 BCE: Abraham and his family leave Ur on their way to Canaan.
-c. 1,250 BCE: Moses leads the Hebrews out of Egypt.
-1,200-1,000 BCE: The Israelites are ruled by judges and fight for control of all of Canaan
-1,020 BCE: Saul is anointed king of Israel and defeats the Philistines in many battles.
-1,000 BCE: David is chosen as the second king; he chooses Jerusalem as his capitol
-922 BCE: Solomon dies after leading Israel as their third king and building the Temple. Israel and Judah will become two separate kingdoms after his death.
-722 BCE: Israel is destroyed by the Assyrian Empire
-585 BCE: Babylonians (under Nebuchadnezzar) capture Jerusalem and destroy Solomon’s Temple.
-538 BCE: The Jews return to Judah by Cyrus’ order; they begin rebuilding the Temple in Jerusalem
-164 BCE: The Maccabees regain control of Jerusalem after their Syrian rulers tried to make them worship Greek gods and goddesses.
-63 BCE: Rome conquers Judah.
-70 CE: Romans under Titus destroy Herod’s Temple in Jerusalem; renames Judah “Palestine” in honor of the Philistines.
GRAPES
Geography
-Abraham turns his people into the “Israelites” in the fertile land of Mesopotamia (Ur specifically) and moves his people to the hilly land of Canaan.
-The Israelites take advantage of trade routes in the area thanks to their access to the Mediterranean and Red Seas.
-The Jews would spend time in various Egyptian and Mesopotamian geographic regions during their various captivities (Egypt, Assyria, Babylon, Greece, Syria, and Rome).
-The Diaspora has relocated Jewish communities to regions all around the Mediterranean Sea, Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.
Religion
-The Hebrews worship one God – Yahweh. We use monotheism to describe religions with one God.
-The Torah (Old Testament in the Christian Bible) becomes the basis for Jewish beliefs.
-They believed God held people accountable for their actions.
-Prophets played a major role in keeping their religion alive during times of captivity.
-After being expelled from their homeland, the Jews remained loyal to their beliefs and worshipped in synagogues.
Achievements
-Their faith is the oldest known monotheistic religion.
-The Ten Commandments are the oldest known law code to apply to rulers and the ruled equally.
-The Torah is a rich collection of history, traditions, and stories that have influenced other major world religions.
Political System
-The Hebrews are divided into 12 tribes after reaching Canaan, each ruled by a respect judge or judges.
-Saul, David, and Solomon rule in a monarchy before Israel splits into two kingdoms
-After splitting into two kingdoms (Judah and Israel), the Israelites fall to various empires (with brief periods of independence) up until the destruction of the second temple.
-Jewish resistance to Roman rule leads to their expulsion from Canaan.
-Israelite laws are based on the Ten Commandments.
Economic System
-Herding, fishing, and trading (especially with Phoenicians) were common practices to accumulate wealth for the Israelites.
-Later Jewish kingdoms would be forced to pay tribute to various foreign empires.
-Solomon was unpopular because of the taxes required for his building projects.
Social Structure
-The upper class was made up of landowners, army officials, and government officials.
-The middle class was made up of merchants and artisans (people who make things).
-The lower class was made up of farmers and unskilled laborers.
-The lowest class was made up of servants and slaves.
Key Understandings
-Abraham created the Israelite culture and moves from Ur, Mesopotamia, to the land of Canaan (he was believed to have made a covenant, or deal, with God to get that land).
-The Israelites initially settled in the land of Canaan, surrounded by the Hittites, Phoenicians, and Egyptians.
-The Israelites leave Canaan due to a famine and are enslaved in Egypt after being initially welcomed.
-Moses leads the Hebrews in the Exodus – or departure – from Egypt. He is said to have received the Torah (including the Ten Commandments) from God at this time.
-The Jews fight the Philistines and Phoenicians for control of Canaan for around 200 years. They are divided into 12 tribes ruled by judges at this time.
-Saul, David, and Solomon become the first and only three kings of a unified Israel.
-Israel is split into two kingdoms (Judah and Israel) and is conquered by the Assyrians (they destroy Israel; Judah pays tribute)
-The Babylonians takes from Assyria; Nebuchadnezzar requires the Hebrews move to Babylon and destroys their Temple.
-The Jews return to Judah when the Persians take power; they rebuild their temple.
-The Greeks, Syrians, and Romans take turns conquering Judah and demanding tribute.
-The Romans expel the Jews from Judah following a revolt. The spread out Jewish community will be known as the Diaspora.
Vocab
Abraham: shepherd who became the father of the Hebrew people
Monotheism: belief in one god
Judaism: monotheistic religion of the Jews, based on the writings of the Hebrew Bible
Moses: according to the Hebrew Bible, the prophet who led the Israelites from Egypt and received the Torah
Prophet: spiritual leaders who were thought to have a special ability to interpret God’s word
Exodus: migration of the Israelites from Egypt
Ten Commandments: basis of the law of the Israelites; according to the Torah, given by God to Moses
Torah: first five books of the Hebrew Bible – Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy
Covenant: binding agreement
Western Civilization: culture of Europe and North America
Joshua: prophet who led the Israelites in their goal of conquering Canaan after the Exodus
Canaan: the land that was said to be promised to the Hebrews by God; also known as “the Promised Land” or “Israel”
Saul: first king of Israel; kicked out of power for breaking God’s rules
David: second king of Israel; won control of Jerusalem and made it his capitol
Solomon: third king of Israel; built the first temple and expanded their empire through trade
Philistines: a group of people the Israelites conquered for control of Canaan
Judah: second Hebrew kingdom that broke apart from Israel after Solomon’s death (the words Judaism and Jews come from this kingdom)
Messiah: Hebrew word that means an “anointed one” charged with some task or leadership
Babylonian Captivity: 50 year period in which the Israelites were exiled from Judah and held in Babylon
Sustain: to support or maintain the sports of
Zealots: groups of Jews who led a rebellion against Roman authority
Judah Maccabee: Jewish leader who led a revolt against the Hellenistic Syrians to gain Jewish independence
Masada: Jewish fortress overlooking the Dead Sea in Israel
Diaspora: movement of the Jews to other parts of the world
Rabbis: Jewish leaders and teachers
Synagogues: places for Jewish prayer and worship
Observe: to practice or celebrate in a customary way
-1,800 BCE: Abraham and his family leave Ur on their way to Canaan.
-c. 1,250 BCE: Moses leads the Hebrews out of Egypt.
-1,200-1,000 BCE: The Israelites are ruled by judges and fight for control of all of Canaan
-1,020 BCE: Saul is anointed king of Israel and defeats the Philistines in many battles.
-1,000 BCE: David is chosen as the second king; he chooses Jerusalem as his capitol
-922 BCE: Solomon dies after leading Israel as their third king and building the Temple. Israel and Judah will become two separate kingdoms after his death.
-722 BCE: Israel is destroyed by the Assyrian Empire
-585 BCE: Babylonians (under Nebuchadnezzar) capture Jerusalem and destroy Solomon’s Temple.
-538 BCE: The Jews return to Judah by Cyrus’ order; they begin rebuilding the Temple in Jerusalem
-164 BCE: The Maccabees regain control of Jerusalem after their Syrian rulers tried to make them worship Greek gods and goddesses.
-63 BCE: Rome conquers Judah.
-70 CE: Romans under Titus destroy Herod’s Temple in Jerusalem; renames Judah “Palestine” in honor of the Philistines.
GRAPES
Geography
-Abraham turns his people into the “Israelites” in the fertile land of Mesopotamia (Ur specifically) and moves his people to the hilly land of Canaan.
-The Israelites take advantage of trade routes in the area thanks to their access to the Mediterranean and Red Seas.
-The Jews would spend time in various Egyptian and Mesopotamian geographic regions during their various captivities (Egypt, Assyria, Babylon, Greece, Syria, and Rome).
-The Diaspora has relocated Jewish communities to regions all around the Mediterranean Sea, Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.
Religion
-The Hebrews worship one God – Yahweh. We use monotheism to describe religions with one God.
-The Torah (Old Testament in the Christian Bible) becomes the basis for Jewish beliefs.
-They believed God held people accountable for their actions.
-Prophets played a major role in keeping their religion alive during times of captivity.
-After being expelled from their homeland, the Jews remained loyal to their beliefs and worshipped in synagogues.
Achievements
-Their faith is the oldest known monotheistic religion.
-The Ten Commandments are the oldest known law code to apply to rulers and the ruled equally.
-The Torah is a rich collection of history, traditions, and stories that have influenced other major world religions.
Political System
-The Hebrews are divided into 12 tribes after reaching Canaan, each ruled by a respect judge or judges.
-Saul, David, and Solomon rule in a monarchy before Israel splits into two kingdoms
-After splitting into two kingdoms (Judah and Israel), the Israelites fall to various empires (with brief periods of independence) up until the destruction of the second temple.
-Jewish resistance to Roman rule leads to their expulsion from Canaan.
-Israelite laws are based on the Ten Commandments.
Economic System
-Herding, fishing, and trading (especially with Phoenicians) were common practices to accumulate wealth for the Israelites.
-Later Jewish kingdoms would be forced to pay tribute to various foreign empires.
-Solomon was unpopular because of the taxes required for his building projects.
Social Structure
-The upper class was made up of landowners, army officials, and government officials.
-The middle class was made up of merchants and artisans (people who make things).
-The lower class was made up of farmers and unskilled laborers.
-The lowest class was made up of servants and slaves.
Key Understandings
-Abraham created the Israelite culture and moves from Ur, Mesopotamia, to the land of Canaan (he was believed to have made a covenant, or deal, with God to get that land).
-The Israelites initially settled in the land of Canaan, surrounded by the Hittites, Phoenicians, and Egyptians.
-The Israelites leave Canaan due to a famine and are enslaved in Egypt after being initially welcomed.
-Moses leads the Hebrews in the Exodus – or departure – from Egypt. He is said to have received the Torah (including the Ten Commandments) from God at this time.
-The Jews fight the Philistines and Phoenicians for control of Canaan for around 200 years. They are divided into 12 tribes ruled by judges at this time.
-Saul, David, and Solomon become the first and only three kings of a unified Israel.
-Israel is split into two kingdoms (Judah and Israel) and is conquered by the Assyrians (they destroy Israel; Judah pays tribute)
-The Babylonians takes from Assyria; Nebuchadnezzar requires the Hebrews move to Babylon and destroys their Temple.
-The Jews return to Judah when the Persians take power; they rebuild their temple.
-The Greeks, Syrians, and Romans take turns conquering Judah and demanding tribute.
-The Romans expel the Jews from Judah following a revolt. The spread out Jewish community will be known as the Diaspora.
Vocab
Abraham: shepherd who became the father of the Hebrew people
Monotheism: belief in one god
Judaism: monotheistic religion of the Jews, based on the writings of the Hebrew Bible
Moses: according to the Hebrew Bible, the prophet who led the Israelites from Egypt and received the Torah
Prophet: spiritual leaders who were thought to have a special ability to interpret God’s word
Exodus: migration of the Israelites from Egypt
Ten Commandments: basis of the law of the Israelites; according to the Torah, given by God to Moses
Torah: first five books of the Hebrew Bible – Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy
Covenant: binding agreement
Western Civilization: culture of Europe and North America
Joshua: prophet who led the Israelites in their goal of conquering Canaan after the Exodus
Canaan: the land that was said to be promised to the Hebrews by God; also known as “the Promised Land” or “Israel”
Saul: first king of Israel; kicked out of power for breaking God’s rules
David: second king of Israel; won control of Jerusalem and made it his capitol
Solomon: third king of Israel; built the first temple and expanded their empire through trade
Philistines: a group of people the Israelites conquered for control of Canaan
Judah: second Hebrew kingdom that broke apart from Israel after Solomon’s death (the words Judaism and Jews come from this kingdom)
Messiah: Hebrew word that means an “anointed one” charged with some task or leadership
Babylonian Captivity: 50 year period in which the Israelites were exiled from Judah and held in Babylon
Sustain: to support or maintain the sports of
Zealots: groups of Jews who led a rebellion against Roman authority
Judah Maccabee: Jewish leader who led a revolt against the Hellenistic Syrians to gain Jewish independence
Masada: Jewish fortress overlooking the Dead Sea in Israel
Diaspora: movement of the Jews to other parts of the world
Rabbis: Jewish leaders and teachers
Synagogues: places for Jewish prayer and worship
Observe: to practice or celebrate in a customary way
Lesson Materials by Topic |
Day 1 - Geography of Israel: u7d1_cw_israel_geography___expectations_reset.docx
Day 2 - Origins of the Israelites: u7d2_cw_origins_of_israelites.docx Day 3 - Moses and the Exodus: u7d3_cw_moses_and_exodus.docx Day 4 - The Ten Commandments: u7d3or4moses_tencommandments.docx Day 5 - Ten Commandments vs Hammurabi's Code: u7d4_cw_ten_commandments_vs_hammurabis_code.docx Day 6 - Israelites Return to Canaan: u7d5_cw_israelites_return_to_canaan.docx Day 7 - Kings of Israel: u7d8_cw_3_kings_of_israel.docx Day 8 - Assyrian Rule: u7d9_cw_assyian_rule_in_israel.docx Day 9 - Chaldean (Neo-Babylonian) Rule and the Babylonian Exile: u7d10_cw_chaldean_rule-babylonian_exile.docx Day 10 - Return to Judah and Greek Rule: u7d11_cw_return_to_judah-greek_control-roman_control.docx Day 11 - Amazing Race: israel_amazing_race.docx Early Hebrews and Judaism HW: q3w1_hw_-early_hebrews___judaism.docx TN Ready Writing Practice (Cyrus the Great): cyrus_the_great_mini_dbq_sources.docx |